近來網路盛傳詐騙集團先寄「存證信函」要求還款,繼向法院聲請「支付命 令」請求還債。由於收信者未欠債,多對「存證信函」與「支付命令」置之不 理。不料,日後就收到法院的「執行命令」查扣財產(例如:按月扣押薪水三分之一繳付債務),才知大事不妙!
由於「存證信函」之主要功能為保存證據(詳參《郵件處理規則》第34條規定。所以存證信函記載之情事,如係虛假,並不生效。但是,法院的「支付命 令」則大不相同。
按,「支付命令」係指以給付金錢或其他代替物或有價證券之一定數量為標的 者,債權人得聲請法院發「支付命令」(詳參《民事訴訟法》第508條第1項規定。就此,收受人如有異議,應在收到支付命令後20日內向法院提出。否則,該支付命令得為執行名義(詳參《民事訴訟法》第516條、第521條規定。
不法集團利用「支付命令」的簡便、迅速、省費及民眾不熟悉法令之弱點,詐騙並取得強制執行名義,以遂其詐財之目的。因此,提醒民眾在收到「支付命令」時,應先打電話到發支付命令之法院以確認該書狀之真假。打電話給法院 時,不應依據該支付命令記載之電話號碼,應利用「104」查號台或網路等查詢 真正之法院電話號碼。因為「支付命令」上記載之電話號碼,有可能為詐騙集團之號碼。
一旦確認「支付命令」確為法院所發者,收受人只需在收受後「二十」日內, 向該法院提出「異議」,而不須說明理由(詳參《民事訴訟法》第516條規定。 例如:表示對○○○文號支付命令有異議,即可阻止其效力發生(此一「民事異議狀」可參考司法院網站「書狀參考範例-非訟部分」。
https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1365-4072-a184f-1.html
由於「支付命令」之異議,視同「起訴」或聲請「調解」(詳參《民事訴訟法》 第519條第1項規定,「支付命令」之聲請人必須繳裁判費用且舉證證明債務存在,而詐騙集團既無債權,自會在異議後作罷。
反之,如對「支付命令」置之不理,則過了20日後,「支付命令」具備「執行名義」之效力。法院關將發給「裁定確定證明書」,而其聲請人即可據以向法院請求強制執行債權人之財產。
簡言之,當民眾收到法院「支付命令」時,就算明知為詐騙集團所為,也應慎重處理,並及時異議,以確保自己之權益!
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Recently, a new scam has been circulating online: Fraudsters first send a formal demand letter requesting repayment. Then they apply to the court for a payment order to claim the alleged debt.
Since the recipients do not actually owe any money, many ignore both the demand letter and the court-issued payment order. However, they are later shocked to receive a court enforcement order seizing their assets-such as deducting one-third of their monthly salary to repay the so-called debt. By the time they realize the problem, it may already be too late!
The primary function of a formal demand letter is to preserve evidence (as specified in Article 34 of the Regulations Governing the Handling of Mail). Therefore, if the statements in the letter are false, they have no legal effect. However, a court-issued payment order is a completely different matter.
A payment order refers to a court-issued directive requiring the recipient to pay a sum of money, deliver a substitute item, or transfer a specific amount of securities. A creditor can apply for a payment order under Article 508, Paragraph 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. If the recipient disagrees with the claim, they must file an objection with the court within 20 days of receiving the payment order. Otherwise, the order will become legally enforceable, meaning it can be used to seize assets or wages (Articles 516 and 521 of the Code of Civil Procedure).
Criminal groups exploit the simplicity, speed, low cost, and the public’s unfamiliarity with the law regarding payment orders to commit fraud and obtain enforceable titles, thereby achieving their goal of financial deception. Therefore, the public is advised that upon receiving a payment order, they should first call the court that issued the order to verify its authenticity. When calling the court, one should not use the phone number listed on the payment order, but instead look up the correct court phone number through the “104” directory service or online sources. This is because the number listed on the payment order may belong to a fraudulent group.
Once a person has confirmed that the payment order was indeed issued by the court, the recipient only needs to file an objection with the court within 20 days of receiving it, without needing to provide a reason (as per Article 516 of the Code of Civil Procedure). For example, simply stating "I object to the payment order OOO document number" will prevent the order from taking effect. This civil objection form can be found as a sample on the Judicial Yuan' s website.
https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1365-4072-a184f-1.html
Since an objection to a payment order is considered equivalent to filing a lawsuit or requesting mediation (as per Article 517, Paragraph 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure), the applicant of the payment order must pay court fees and provide evidence to prove the debt exists. Fraud groups, having no legitimate claim, will typically give up once an objection is filed.
On the other hand, if one ignores a payment order, it will become legally enforceable after 20 days. The court will then issue a “Certificate of Final Ruling”, allowing the applicant to request compulsory enforcement, such as seizing the debtor's assets.
In short, when a person receives a court-issued
payment order, even if they know it is a scam, they should still handle it carefully and file an objection in a timely manner to protect their rights.
April 13, 2025