日常生活常見夫妻因感情失和而「竊聽」或「跟監」配偶之報導。究竟此類行為之刑責如何?
由於台灣現行法下,夫妻關互負貞操義務,配偶之一方如僅在家中或共同生活之空間裝設針孔攝影機或竊聽器時,未必構成《刑法》第315條之1之「妨礙 秘密罪」。但是,依最高法院100年台上字第6345號判決,前開行為仍構成 「違法監聽」,而得依《通訊保障及監察法》第24條第1項之規定,課處五年以下有期徒刑。
至於在他人車上裝設 GPS追蹤器,依據台灣高等法院100年上易字第2407號之判決認定:「刑法第315條之1之『非公開活動』」,係指……個人主觀上欲隱密 進行其活動而不欲公開,且在客觀上所選擇之場所或所使用之設備亦足以確保活動之隱密性而言;汽車使用人雖駕駛汽車於道路或其他公共場域,為保護個人主體性與人格之自由發展,於公共場域中,亦應賦予個人一定程度之保護, 使其有『不受」他人持續追蹤及侵擾之私人活動領域。」並認定「駕駛人駕駛 汽車於道路上行使,應可認其期待「隱沒』於道路上各種交通工具間,『不欲公 開』其個人行蹤,故其對其駕駛車輛行駛於道路上之所在位置、移動方向及之 前行蹤等資訊所組合而成之動態行止及狀態,在客觀上得有『合理隱私』期 待,行為人在其所駕車輛之汽車底盤下裝設 GPS 衛星追蹤器,追蹤其所在位置、行進方向及之前行蹤之行為,『已侵犯」其對其行為舉止不被追蹤窺視之需 求及隱私的合理期待。」據此,若在他人車上裝設GPS,即可違反《刑法》第 315條之1「妨礙秘密罪」。
提醒大眾,「監聽」與「監視」均非合法行為,切勿以身試法!
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It is common to hear news about spouses secretly recording or following their partners due to relationship problems. But what are the legal consequences of such actions?
Under Taiwan's current laws, spouses are obligated to maintain fidelity, and if one spouse installs hidden cameras or wiretapping devices in shared space like the home, it may not necessary violate Article 315-1 of the Criminal Code, which pertains to "invasion of privacy." However, according to the Taiwan High Court Judgment No. 6345, Year 100 of the Republic of China, Tai-Shang Zi, such actions still constitute "illegal wiretapping" and can be punishable under Article 24, Paragraph 1 of the Communication Security and Surveillance Act, with a penalty of up to five years in prison.
Regarding the installation of GPS trackers in another person's vehicle, according to the Taiwan High Court Judgment No. 2407, Year 100 of the Republic of China, Shang-Yi-Zi, it was determined that the term "non-public activities" in Article 315-1 of the Criminal Code refers to activities that an individual intends to carry out in secrete and does not wish to make public. The place or equipment chosen must also be suitable to ensure the activity's confidentiality. While a person drives a car on roads or other public spaces, to protect their personal autonomy and freedom of development, they are still entitled to privacy in public spaces, meaning they should not be continuously tracked or disturbed. The court ruled that when a driver operates a vehicle on the road, they reasonably expect their movement to remain private and not be publicly known. Therefore, installing a GPS tracker under the vehicle's chassis to monitor the vehicle's location, direction, and past movement violates the drivers reasonable expectation of privacy. As a result, installing a GPS tracker in another person's car can be considered a violation of Article 315-1 of the Criminal Code, which pertains to “invasion of privacy”.
As a reminder, both “wiretapping” and “surveillance” are illegal actions. Citizens are urged not to test the law by engaging in such behaviors, and to stay within the boundaries of the law to protect their rights and privacy.
April 19, 2025